湿陷性黄土地区钻孔灌注桩受力机理分析

本文通过在湿陷性黄土地区某建筑场地进行的单桩载荷试验结果的理论分析 ,揭示了湿陷性黄土中钻孔灌注桩的受力特性 ,对该状态下桩土工作机理的研究有一定价值     

基于半监督对抗学习的图像语义分割

目的 将半监督对抗学习应用于图像语义分割,可以有效减少训练过程中人工生成标记的数量。作为生成器的分割网络的卷积算子只具有局部感受域,因此对于图像不同区域之间的远程依赖关系只能通过多个卷积层或增加卷积核的大小进行建模,但这种做法也同时失去了使用局部卷积结构获得的计算效率。此外,生成对抗网络（generative adversarial network,GAN）中的另一个挑战是判别器的性能控制。在高维空间中,由判别器进行的密度比估计通常是不准确且不稳定的。为此,本文提出面向图像语义分割的半监督对抗学习方法。方法 在生成对抗网络的分割网络中附加两层自注意模块,在空间维度上对语义依赖关系进行建模。自注意模块通过对所有位置的特征进行加权求和,有选择地在每个位置聚合特征。因而能够在像素级正确标记值数据的基础上有效处理输入图像中广泛分离的空间区域之间的关系。同时,为解决提出的半监督对抗学习方法的稳定性问题,在训练过程中将谱归一化应用到对抗网络的判别器中,这种加权归一化方法不仅可以稳定判别器网络的训练,并且不需要对唯一的超参数进行密集调整即可获得满意性能,且实现简单,计算量少,即使在缺乏互补的正则化技术的情况下,谱归一化也可以比权重归一化和梯度损失更好地改善生成图像的质量。结果 实验在Cityscapes数据集及PASCAL VOC 2012（pattern analysis,statistical modeling and computational learning visual object classes）数据集上与9种方法进行比较。在Cityscapes数据集中,相比基线模型,性能提高了2.3%~3.2%。在PASCAL VOC 2012数据集中,性能比基线模型提高了1.4%~2.5%。同时,在PASCAL VOC 2012数据集上进行消融实验,可以看出本文方法的有效性。结论 本文提出的半监督对抗学习的语义分割方法,通过引入的自注意力机制捕获特征图上各像素之间的依赖关系,应用谱归一化增强对抗生成网络的稳定性,表现出了较好的鲁棒性和有效性。     

硅烷偶联剂显著改善大粒径骨料混凝土性能的可能性

试验研究表明硅烷偶联剂能显著提高砂浆与花岗岩界面层的粘结强度。提出偶联剂可在水泥浆与骨料间形成化学键的初步见解 ,讨论偶联剂大幅度改善大粒径骨料混凝土性能的可能性     

FIDIC条款中关于分包行为的控制对我国总分所发展的启示与思考

本文主要探讨 FIDIC条款中有关分包行为控制对我国总分包发展的启示与思考。作者从总承包商、专业分包商、业主和提供劳务实体等四个角度对 FIDIC条款中有关分包行为控制进行了分析和讨论 ,进而探讨其对我国总分包发展的启示 ,并提出一些值得思考的几个问题     

Thermal cycle and its influence on the microstructure of laser welded butt joint of 8 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is extensively used in the manufacture of components in aviation. In the current study, the laser welding process is adopted to joint the Ti-6Al-4V alloy plate which has the thick of 8 mm. A three-dimensional finite element model is established to simulate the temperature distribution of laser welding process. The thermal cycle curves are produced on the strength of the simulation results. Meanwhile, the microstructure characteristics of the welded joint are investigated combined with simulation results. The results show that weld zone, heat affected zone and based metal experience similar thermal cycles process and the cooling rate has an important influence on the formation of microstructure. Moreover, the simulation results are well matched with experiment results.     

Analysis of weld pool vibration characteristics in pulsed gas metal arc welding

Using highspeed camera image measuring and processing, the contour of the weld pool was extracted accurately in pulsed metal inert gas (P-MIG) welding. Based on this extraction method, time and frequency domain characteristics at different points along the contour of the weld pool were analyzed for one pulse one droplet and one pulse two droplets, respectively. The results show that, because of the wave super position that was created by the pulsed arc and droplet impacting the weld pool, the oscillation amplitude along the weld pool fluctuated and decreased with an increase in distance from the point to the arc center. The oscillation near the arc center was complex and intense for one pulse two droplets, and the amplitude were relatively small because the oscillation caused by the pulsed arc could be offset by the molten droplet impact. The weld pool oscillation that was caused by the pulsed arc was stronger than that caused by the droplet.     

Graphene-coated copper foam interlayer for brazing carbon/carbon composite and niobium

Problems such as poor structural integrity, inhomogeneous dispersion, and agglomeration of graphene in the brazing seam are typically encountered for graphene additives in a brazed joint interface. To resolve these problems, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process was employed for in-situ preparation of a high-quality graphene-coated copper (Cu) foam composite interlayer prior to be applied for brazing carbon/carbon composite and niobium. The prepared graphene and the brazed joints were characterized via Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that graphene was evenly distributed in the brazing seam with the help of the Cu foam, which was characterized by interconnected porosity. Simultaneously, the excellent chemical inertia of graphene inhibited the collapse of the Cu foam, based on which the thermal residual stress in the joint was effectively mitigated due to the synergistic reinforcement effect of the Cu foam (with good plastic deformation capacity) and graphene (with extremely low coefficient of linear expansion). This effect led to significant improvement in the average shear strength of the joint.     

Principles and application of RES welding technology

Friction element welding technology is rich of flow drill screws combined with friction welding technology and is developed for the hot-forming steel plate and aluminum alloy welding of car body-in-white. In this paper, the principle of RES welding technology, equipment, technical characteristics, application condition and welding parameters are analyzed systematically. Moreover, the changing laws of welding parameters and welded joint quality control standards are described, which provides the necessary technical support for safety and light-weight car body design requirements. This study has high practical application value, and enriches the automobile body joining technology.     

A brief review of brazing diamond in cutting tools

Diamond has high hardness and good wear resistance. It is widely used in cutting tools and workpieces. Brazing is an effective method to realize high quality cemented carbide joints in various materials connection technologies. This paper analyzes the research status of diamond brazing in detail. The materials used as brazing filler in diamond brazing are reviewed. Copper base filler and nickel base filler are the most commonly used brazing filler in diamond brazing. The advantages and disadvantages of diamond grinding tools under different production methods are analyzed. In addition, a series of new brazing alloys such as amorphous Ni based brazing filler metals are analyzed. Finally, the development trend of diamond brazing is pointed out.     

Seam-tracking based on dynamic trajectory planning for a mobile welding robot

A new seam-tracking method based on dynamic trajectory planning for a mobile welding robot is proposed in order to improve the response lag of the mobile robot and the high frequency oscillation in seam-tracking. By using a front-placed laser-based vision sensor to dynamically extract the location of the weld seam in front of torch, the trend and direction of the weld line is roughly obtained. The robot system autonomously and dynamically performs trajectory planning based on the isometric approximation model. Arc sensor technology is applied to detect the offset during welding process in real time. The dynamic compensation of the weld path is done in combination with the control of the mobile robot and the executive body installed on it. Simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the method effectively increases the stability of welding speed and smoothness of the weld track, and hence the weld formation in curves and corners is improved.